Employment law - 4 case study questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

role law - 4 case study questions - Essay ExampleOne of the new terms that the ships company was introducing was to require the employees to carry out such overtime as may be required by the company. Question 1 Facts Nigel is one of the employees affected by the new terms and conditions. He is a service engineer who has been doing some overtime work in his own volition for the benefit of the company. moreover upon the requirement to make overtime functional an obligation, Nigel has refused to do any further overtime stating that the long working hours are having a detrimental to his health and family life. He further claims that he never signed a contract agreeing to do interminable overtime. He has consistently and expressly made it clear over the give out few months that he was working a limited amount of overtime and was not supporting the unlimited provision the company was introducing. He simply agreed to the limited overtime for the benefit of the company and he never at any particular moment felt obliged to do it. The company is considering victorious disciplinary action against Nigel, with his manager threatening to suspend him without pay until he agrees to resume overtime working. furrow First, the company has a right to compel obedience from its employees. It is the employees duty to cooperate with his employer and to obey the instructions prone and, most importantly, not to impede the employers business (Ullman, 2003). The company can initiate the disciplinary growth and even dismiss Nigel on grounds of insubordination. Macari v Celtic FC ct of session 1999 IRLR 788 provided some efficacious insights when it directed that if the employer breaches the duty of trust and confidence, yet the employee refuses to leave, then the employee should not disregard employers lawful instructions. Nigel was inform in advance and in writing on the intended order of terms. Nigel never left, even though he showed his disagreement with the new terms obli gating him to work overtime as and when required. Due to his decision to hold up the company takes that as an implied communication of acceptance of the new terms and conditions. It expects Nigel to adhere to them, failure to which will hold up to his suspension and or dismissal pursuant to the provisions of the disciplinary process (Moffat, 2011). The companys revision of the written particulars was made within the legal framework and therefore, legal and binding if signed. According to ss.1-7 Employment Rights forge 1998, the employer should provide the written particulars of employment within the first two months after the commencement of employment. If it is a go along employee, like in this case, it should not be later than a month after the change has been realised (Craig, 2008). Again, s. 4 of the Employment Rights Act provides that if such changes are made, then the employees should be informed of the same personally and in writing the company did so. The company, howev er, faces tough odds because of the arguments or the courses of action available to Nigel. Nigel claims that working overtime has been detrimental to his health and family life. Employers are generally required under the European Convention for the protection of human beings Rights and fundamental freedoms (EHCR) to respect the employees right to private life and family life under article 8 (Craig, 2008). The EAT 2 also provides that the employer shall take reasonable measures, as is reasonably practicable, to take care of his employee

Inflation in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

pomposity in the unify States - Research Paper ExampleThe cocktail dress with the nation of the United States is non in any case different. Recent report from U.S. Bureau of jab Statistics inform in less than a month ago that the price index for all items has change magnitude by 1.4 percent over the first twelve months (USDL, 2012). This could be an indication that swelling judge hold back add-ond in the United States. However, as the fol lowing chat indicates the increase in inflation has not increased in a rate that would affect the economy.The CFI-U chat above turn ups only a real slight upward shift on the consumer price index during the period suggested by the report. This period is later followed by a period of lower CFI-U as indicated by the chat. The lowering of CFI-U indicated by the chat show that inflation rate in the United States has been decreasing since July this year. Moreover, the raise in CFI-U is very slight thence indicating that the increase in infl ation during that period was insignificant. The current consumer price index is lower than the one that was reported five years ago. This indicates a significant decline in the inflation rates in this country. Inflation in a country is mainly caused by economic activities and the volatility of the economy. One reason wherefore United States has been subject to reduce inflation is that it has been able to reduce the volatility of its economy. Another reason is that it has been able to increase the economic activities undertaken on its economy. All this has been done through adapting an effective monetary and fiscal policy. monetary and monetary policies have been identified as the most essential tools of resolution economic problems. In solving economic problems, the two policies help to reduce the inflation rates in an economy. Moreover, they help to sustain low inflation rates in an economy despite the external factors that might try to increase the inflation rates. According t o Yang & Traum (2010), the fiscal policy adapted by the United States focuses on adjusting government spending and revenue enhancement rate. Increase in government spending has several effects to this countrys citizens. Among these effects is the increase in the commitment of the government in the provision of essential services. This raises the standards of living of individuals in this country therefrom resulting to economic harvest. Lowering tax on the other had stimulates economic activities in a nation. United States has been maintaining a low tax rates in its economy thus raising the aggregate demand and outlay in its economy. The raised aggregate demand and expenditure stimulates the economic activities thus resulting to economic growth. The economic growth has been enabling this nation to lower its inflation rates and sustaining the low levels of inflation. United States has been maintaining low interest rates on its economy. This is mainly aimed at reducing the bring o ut of money. As a result, it could be categorized as a contradictory monetary policy (Dwivedi, 2010). The policy plays a very significant role in raising the price of this countrys currency. This assists in reducing the inflations rates in the economy of the United States. However, in an attempt to overcome unexpected increases in inflation, the monetary authority in this country is forced to introduce expansionary monetary policy in the economy. Expansionary monetary policy is one that focuses on increasing the supply of

660 questions 11 and 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

660 questions 11 and 12 - Assignment Examples in supplant to the things of entertain, such as rewards, praise, resources or avoidance of disciplinary action so that they move towards achieving the goals of both the attraction and following (Sashkin and Sashkin, 2003).The difficulties and complications associated with the present state of affairs be explained to the followers. Then, the leaders urge the followers value corpse for bringing about the change. Thus, an emotional bond between the two is formed in transformational leadership. Such gyves ensures long term success to the leader. However, transactional leaders do not address such emotional or personal issues of followers, but motivate them to achieve the required goals in return to a reward or in order to avoid punishment. The emotional bondage is missing and is based on the positional former and influence of leader. The efforts of leaders only gain short term benefits (Hughes and Curphy, 2012).Transformational leaders are visionary and are skilled in creating lasting impressions, thus, exhibit certain leadership capabilities. This clear expression or self-denial of leadership skills is not found in transactional leaders. Transformational leaders also help the followers draw up a link between the solutions to their individual setbacks and the ecesisal goals. In the course of leadership, the followers are boost to actively participate in the transformational processes and empowered to grow into leaders in future. In contrast, though the benefits accorded to followers motivate the latter to improve their performance, the resultant positive energy is not completely employed towards organization in the upcoming period, as the leaders are not skillful and visionary enough to firebrand such an attempt (Hughes and Curphy, 2012).Both transactional and transformational leaders focus on leader and member exchange, be it the things of value in the former case or emotional exchanges in the latter form. Bo th the forms of leaders petition to the needs of the

Role of Early Childhood Educator in prevention of Child Abuse Essay

Role of Early kidhood Educator in prevention of Child Abuse - Essay Example1). Evidently, as the family is unreliable, educators in diverse settings serve as reinforced resources for children to deposit on in preventing further detestation. Types and Signs of Abuse Abuse stub take a number of form, and not just on physical side, but can be on emotional aspects, neglect, and inner violations in children. Having close interaction with young children, educators in schools and caregiver institutions should be aware on observable extracurricular signs of abuse. Physical abuse is not hard to identify, as cruel manhandling may range from burned skin, bruised, and lacerate clay parts. Wounds from physical abuse are different from accidental injuries, as the former can follow on soft tissue, like cheeks, buttocks, and thigh while the latter are frequently seen on body areas such as knees, elbows, forearms, or brow. Typically, the material used as physical punishment can be observed o n injured areas. Yet, other types of abuse are difficult to detect. Neglect is the absence of substantial efforts in meeting the childrens biological and emotional needs. There is chronic inattention to well world of children, where parents leave them to inadequately fend for themselves. In emotional abuse, parents resort to verbal attacks and rejection through lack of parental concern and interest--resulting to developmental lags, psychosomatic symptoms ... (communication) disorders (Crosson-Tower, 2003, p. 15, 19). Lastly, there is unacceptable sexual overture in sexual abuse. utmost(prenominal) behavioral reactions vary others withdraw from contact with others, while some become sexually aggressive--expressing the type of sexual abuse experienced through drawing or play-acting. Collectively, these are fundamental signs that confirm the type of abuse faced by children. Long Term Consequences Child abuse is a condition that can be carried towards adult life. Subconsciously, the type of abuse received influences the way ill-use children live. On the physical side, health consequences can irreversibly affect them. As affirmed by DiScala, Serge, Li, and Reece (2000), severe physical head injuries resulted to significant simplification in neurological-dependent activities. Several victims, then, suffered physical disabilities that interrupt physiological capacities in living. Psychologically, such events may lead to some(prenominal) psychiatric (personality and eating) disorders, depressive status, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse (MacMillan et al., 2001, p. 1878). The effects of abuse are more of maladaptive defense copings, where childrens life-esteem is extremely low and academic performance is negatively affected (Child Welfare instruction Gateway, 2008). As these are treated as abnormal conditions, society shuns them from social activities while insisting that they release to treatment for such conditions. The society, as la rge, takes care of such events by funding welfare programs that assist abused children lead normal lives. Citizens in society indirectly fund the negative impact of child abuse, as taxpayers funds are drawn to pay community expenditures for juvenile and adult detention cells, and victims of psychiatric conditions. By large, the cost of supporting such expenses can be traced back to the behavioral impact of experiencing the categories of

Finance - Audit and Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Finance - Audit and Assurance - Essay eventThus, this difference in the use up of the auditors and the clients makes it tough for the auditors to remain honourable while dealing with the clients (Rennie & et. al., 2006). Accountancy and auditing be possessed of been referred as complicated as well as practical procedures. In comparison to these characteristics, ethics could be considered to be far less complicated. Ethics can be described to be the honest, loyal, truthful and unquestionable way of performing an action. It is considered to be significantly important for auditors to perform their actions and their ways of working in an ethical manner. Ethics is required to be paid attention in case of auditing for the reason of reducing assay with regard to grave illegal actions (Campbell & Houghton, 2005). Auditing is concerned with dealing with financial statements and accounts of an organisation. Therefore, this process needs adequate compliance with ethical manners or specif ication. This is important as this would help to keep away the auditor from acquire involved into any kind of legal liabilities or earn a bad reputation (Campbell, 2004). unethical dealing by an auditing firm named Arthur Andersen gave rise to the scandal of Enron who was one of the firms client. The revelation of the turpitude and the deliberate fraud proved fatal for both the company, Enron as well as for Arthur Andersen. The company was compelled to hold up itself to be a bankrupt and the subsistence of the ace auditing firm came to an end with the exposure of this scandal (Cunningham & Harris, 2006). Difference of engagement in the Auditing Profession It has been already mentioned earlier that corruption is considered to be a result of difference of interest between the clients and the auditors. However, it requires to be mentioned in this context that there could be various kinds of differences of interest in the descent of auditing. A proper analysis of the Enron case wo uld assist in providing a lucid understanding of this fact. The business model of Enron was stated to be quite complicated as it involved a broad stretch of products from trading functions, physical assets as well as going beyond the national borders. All these factors broad the boundaries of accounting. Enron took the opportunity of exploiting these accounting boundaries to the maximum in controlling its revenues along with its balance sheet so as to depict a favourable performance scenario. However, in this case two matters emerged out to be highly problematic for the company. The companys transactions connect to trading engaged complicated contracts which involved elongated time period. The form of accounting followed by the company compelled the management of the company to predict its future prices related to the energy operations along with the rates of interest. It was also found that the company depended broadly on the financial dealings that were considered to be quite controlled and engaged in developing or creating special purpose entities. These cross dealings involved sharing the possession of particular flows of cash as well as risks with lenders as well as investors from outside. The

Risk Management Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Risk Management Bachelor - Essay exemplification( europiuman Airline industry-strategies for the new Millenium-sky Tech Solutions accessed from the website www.skytechsolutions.com and Global Market Forecast, The future of flying, 2006-2025, (2006), November, Accessed from the website www.airbus.com). Now it has been evident that aviation foodstuff in atomic number 63 has been increasing especially for low-cost carriers and therefore our airlines voluptuous Star ordain be started as soon as possible to take the advantage of booming air travel market. The proposed airlines dark-skinned Star is willing to start operations from Vienna (Austria), whose location is more central to east Europe and have the potential to cover Baltic nations (Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania), Poland, Czech & Slovakia, Hungary, Italy, Croatia, Germany etc. The next important fact that creative activity partners of the Airlines argon from three nationalities and around 45 years of age with 15 years of exper ience in managing an airlines which will prove successful in the long run. A nonher important fact that airline is jump with 10 same size/carrying capacity and most probably the same type of planes. It becomes easy to negociate / upkeep the same type of plans for pilots and other staffs. It any reduce turnaround time and reduce sustentation expenses and training costs. An important fact in starting Blue star is that it is leasing those airports and concentrating on those destinations which atomic number 18 not expensive due to their landing fee or heavy traffic and where national carriers make aspiration more intense. The most important fact that airlines proposed that its starting capital of $ 100 million consists of only 50% from borrowing in which bank borrowing/short term is only $ 25 million and breathe 25% is through long-term bonds. By adopting this method, airline ensures that instant debt-service has to be kept at minimum. These are the above five important facts, whic h Blue star kept in its mind to start with and will prove to be successful in the long run.The next important step is to choose the get-go 10 destinations, where the passengers flow is maximum and risk of bad weather security or political stability is at minimum. In Europe Most of the airlines are trying to operate in the east. Due to integrating of Europe, Vienna is the place / hub for most of the airlines in central Europe joining West Europe and Eastern Europe. The Baltic nations, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus are the new found destinations where low-cost airlines trying to reach out. Most of the passengers from Western Europe are (Businessman) moving in the Eastern Europe market exploring new opportunities where as persons living in Eastern Europe moving Western Europe to find new job oppourtunities. So Blue star has to choose its all the ten destinations keeping in mind the passengers availability. Three Baltic nations are at first place. They have to start with three airports namely Parnu in the Estonia, Liepaja in Latvia and Kaunas in Lithuania. In choosing the three airports we had not taken the respective countries main airports i.e. Tallinum, Riga and vilnius due to airline indemnity to lease those airports have low leasing costs and potential competition from major carriers as well as more waiting time.

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Essay

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention - Essay Examplepopulation, in any given year and women ar twice as likely to be affected. Learning how to deal with anxiousness requires management of the mind to finagle things in proper order, and this is the emphasis of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT treatment had been popularly used by umteen healthcare professionals, psychotherapists, and counselors in managing GAD and its efficiency had been proven in many clinical-based studies conducted by reliable researchers. To begin with, anxiety, according to the interior(a) Institute of psychic Health or NIMH (2011), is a normal reaction to stress. It helps the person cope with the incompatible situations in life but once it becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a incapacitating affection (NIMH, 2011). Among the five major types of anxiety disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD ), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic prove Disorder (PTSD), and Social Phobia (or Social Anxiety Disorder), GAD is the most common. GAD is a grade of frequent, ageless worry and anxiety over many different activities and events (Berger & Zieve, 2010). The main symptom, according to Berger and Zieve (2010), is the almost constant presence of worry or tension that lasts at least six months, disrupting daily activities even when in that respect is little or no cause. Worries seem to float from one problem to another, such as family or relationship problems, work issues, money, health, and other problems. Other symptoms are difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability, problems falling or staying asleep, and sleep that is a good deal restless and unsatisfying, and restlessness or feeling keyed up or on the edge, often bonnie startled very easily. Physical manifestations are muscle tension, shakiness, and headache (Berger & Zieve, 2010). Risk factors for GAD include gender, family history, transmitted factor, substance abuse, medical conditions, socioeconomic and ethnic factors, depression, cultural factors, and stressful events in susceptible people (Scholten, 2011). Moreover, treating anxiety disorders is an individualized approach but several standard approaches have proved effective. Treatment modalities include therapy e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), word sense and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), medication e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants and complementary and alternative treatment (e.g. kava, acupuncture, and yoga) (Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 2011b). For the treatment of GAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy is claimed by many psychotherapists, counselors, and healthcare professionals as the most e ffective therapy. According to Bingaman (2007, p. 11), this is the clear treatment of choice with anxiety disorder because it meets the criteria that empirically supports the treatment for GAD. CBT is very useful in treating anxiety disorders because the cognitive part helps people mixture the thinking patterns that support their fears, and the behavioral part helps people change the way they react to anxiety-provoking situations (National Institute of Mental Disorders,