Rhetorical Devices Essay

The definition of an anecdote is a story that is very short that either explains or emphasizes a point that is trying to be made. In my speech when I was explaining that soccer has affected the paths that my life has taken including schools and friends, I used the short story of getting recruited for soccer at the high school and collegiate level, which is also where I met my best friends. In Bekah Diehl’s speech making the point that the saying â€Å"the only fear is fear itself† she said she not scared of the fear of baseballs, but rather the ball itself. The story she used was with her friends playing catch with the baseball around her. The conclusion is the final part of a speech that closes it and ties it all main points together. In the conclusion the thesis is stated, the main points are summarized, and a clincher is said to leave the audience with. The conclusion for my speech was that soccer has made me a well-rounded individual and has shaped the person that I am today. My favorite memories have included playing soccer and my teammates. When I step on the field I am free. I would not be the same person today if soccer was not in my life. In the closing of Bekah Diehl her conclusion that was her fear of baseballs is real and something she has to deal with. However, she takes comfort that her she doesn’t have a phobia of something else and that her phobia could be of something worse.

Impacts of Cultural Differences Essay

College Graduation Thesis Subject: Impacts of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiation Name: Chen Xiujuan Student No. : 0 8 5 1 0 3 4 0 Specialty and Class: Business English, Class 3 Department: Department of Humanities and Arts Supervisor: Liu Mifan Date: 2011-3-02 Contents Introduction1 1. Types of Cultural Differences2 1. 1Value View2 1. 2. Negotiating Style2 1. 3. Thinking Model2 2. Impact Of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations4 . 1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations4 2. 1. 1Impact of Time View Difference on Negotiation. 4 2. 1. 2Impact of Equality View Difference on Negotiation. 5 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation. 6 2. 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations. 7 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation. 8 3. Coping Strategy Of Negotiating Across Cultures. 9 3. 1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. 9 3. 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice. 10 3. Conquering Communication Barriers. 10 Conclusion11 Bibliography12 Acknowledgements13 Abstract The business negotiations under different cultural conditions come to cross- cultural negotiations. With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important; otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations. The article commences from the types of culture differences, then it explains the impacts of these culture differences on international business negotiation and finally it analyzes how to deal with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in negotiation process. Such a standpoint is emphasized: In the business negotiations between different countries, negotiators should accept the other party’s culture, and try to make him be accepted; then make a correct evaluation with the help of valid communication and discover their real benefits between them. Besides, we should know clearly and try to accept the culture differences as possible as we can. It is very important for the success of culture negotiations. Key words: Culture; Cultural differences; Business negotiation; Impact Introduction Along with the advancement globalization and China’s WTO entry, business enterprises in China have to face more and more business negotiations with foreign enterprises, especially with American enterprises. In these negotiations, Chinese negotiators sometimes feel uncomfortable, puzzled, lost, irritated and the alike, because of unfamiliar custom and behaviors demonstrated by American negotiators. Meanwhile, American negotiators confront the same situation. Cult rural differences between China and west countries could cause many problems. Therefore, understanding cultural differences and overcoming them is crucial in international business negotiations. Although the definition of culture is numerous and vague, it is commonly Recognized that culture is a shared system of symbols, beliefs, values, attitudes and expectations. Culture is a major determinant in business negotiation. So have a clear picture of culture differences if of great significance. . Types of Culture Differences The east countries and west countries have produced different cultures on the different continents. Among the different cultures, value views, negotiating style and thinking model appear more obvious. 1. 1Value View Value view is the standard that people use to asses objective things. It includes time view, equality view and objectivity. People may draw a different or even contradictory conclusion abo ut the same thing. Value view is one of the most important differences among the many factors. It can influence the attitude, needs and behavior of people. The value view varies from nation to nation, people know that the eastern person focus on collectivism, while the western people pay more attention to individualism. 1. 2. Negotiating Style Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style through behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation. The negotiator’s negotiating style has a bearing on their culture background. According to the culture differences, negotiating style falls into two types: the east negotiating style pattern and the west negotiating style pattern. 1. 3. Thinking Model Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, but one is more obvious compared with others. As a whole, east people, especially Chinese have strong comprehensive thinking, image thinking and curved thinking, while analytical thinking, abstract thinking and direct thinking are possessed by the west people. 2. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations With the rapid development of economy, we need to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to reach trade agreement, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international negotiation in global business activities. The impact of culture differences on international negotiation is extensive and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are also the obstacles of people’s communication. Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and understand the other party’s goal and behavior and make him or herself be accepted by the opponent to reach agreement finally 2. 1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations fall into three types: time view, negotiation style, thinking model. Each has big influences on business negotiation 2. 1. 1 Impact of Time View Difference on Negotiation. The time view which affects the negotiator’s behavior varies from east countries to west countries. The oriental or the Chinese negotiators are usually cautious and patient. They need to go through the phrases of coming up with proposes, bringing up objections and ending the trade which takes a longer time. And they hope to arrange rich time to go on a negotiation, thus knowing more about the opponent . They are good at long and continuous battle. While west people or we could say American people, consider time is precious. They tend to resolve problems swiftly. So, in business negotiation, American businessmen often complain about the delay and the lack of efficiency of negotiators from other countries, while these countries also make a complaint that the Americans lack patience. There is a popular saying among American negotiators and businessmen: It is prohibited to steal time. That shows the time view of Americans. To them, time means money. The time view of Chinese is cyclic. They use long-term and systematic viewpoints to value the importance of the topic. A famous people classify the time view into two kinds: straight-line time viewand cyclic time view. The former pay more attention to concentration and speed, and the later stress doing many things at one time. That they insist on different time view leads to different negotiating style and method. The American people represent the straight-line time view and they have a strong awareness of modern competition. They look for speed and efficiency. So they value time badly and consider time as a special commodity whose value could be assessed. They often use minute to calculate time . They hope to reduce negotiation time at every phrase and want to complete the negotiation quickly. But the Chinese time view is cyclic and they place emphasis on unity. Moreover, it is necessary to be punctual at negotiations. West people have a strong time view, if you don’t comply with the appointment time, they may give you a punishment and they will regard you as unreliable and irresponsible person. Being late for negotiation will give the west businessmen opportunities to exert pressure onyou, and then you will lose the status of being initiative. 2. 1. 2 Impact of Equality View Difference on Negotiation America went through the bourgeoisie revolution of striving for the equality and freedom, so they take equality into their heart. Americans stick to equality and fairness in business, and hope that both could gain benefit. When introducing the topic or situation, the west people would like to use concrete method, particularly data. Their negotiating method is that they will describe their viewpoint and propose at the beginning in order to get initiative. Under this principle, they would come up with a reasonable resolution which they think is very fair. In business relationship, the sellers from America regard the buyer as a counterpart. Americans are fairer than Japanese is sharing benefits. A lot of American managers think fair division of profits is more important than how much they could get. At this point, the east people are different. Because of the deeply influence of class view, they don’t pay much attention to equality. They usually adopt single-win strategy in business negotiations. When involving economic benefits they think much about their own benefits and profits and don’t give so much attention to the benefit of their partners. The market economic system of developed countries is quite mature, so west countries take win-win strategy more in negotiation; basically, they could take the benefits of both into consideration. 2. 1. 3 Impact of Objectivity Difference on Negotiation The objectivity in international business negotiation reflects the degree to which people treat any things. West people especially Americans have a strong objectivity on the understanding of issues. At negotiation table, Americans don’t care much about relationship between people. They don’t care if the status of the opponent is equal to theirs. They make decision based on facts and data, not people. The saying that public things use public ways is a reflection of American objectivity. Therefore,Americans emphasize that Businessmen should distinguish people and issues, what they are really interested in is the actual problems. But in the other parts of the world, it is impossible for them to distinguish people and issues. . 2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations The impacts of negotiating style differences on international business negotiation mainly exist in negotiating method and negotiating structure. Take the negotiation between America and China as a example, since the oriental care more about unity in thinking, they method they adopt in negotiation is from unity to parts, from the big to little, from the abstract to the concrete, that is to say they should each agreement on general terms, then begin to talk about the concrete terms. And usually not until the end of the negotiation do they make compromise and promise based on all the items, and then to reach agreement. The west people are influenced by analytic thinking, so pay more attention to logical relations between things. They consider more about concrete things than integrity. And they tend discuss the concrete items at the beginning of negotiation, so they often resolve the price, delivery and issuance respectively at first. And they may make compromise at every detail, so the final contract is the combination of many little agreements. The negotiating structure is linked with cultures. Negotiating structure mostly refers to the number of the participants. In business negotiation, the foreign delegation is usually composed by 3-5 people, while the Chinese one could be more 15 people. The foreign negotiators not only need to negotiate with their counterparts but also need to discuss with related person in charge or the government. When making the final decisions, the Chinese negotiators often discuss the results repeatedly from the workers to the board to avoid being decided by a single person. That results from the influence of collectivism. So they often said to their partners: Let us think about it. Let us discuss it. But the west negotiators could make the final decision without going back for discussion. That because their admire individualism and hard working. They have strong independence. They would carry on according to the best ways after knowing their goals. What’s more, most west people think that they have the ability to deal with the negotiation situation on their own. And truly, they are brave enough to take responsibility. 2. 3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation The thinking model of Chinese tends to be comprehensive, concrete and curved, while the Americans are usually analytic, abstract and straight-line. We Chinese are accustomed to talking about general principles at first and then move onto details. To Chinese negotiators, the core is the general guideline, and the details are subject to the guideline. After figuring out the big picture, other problems are easier to resolve. It is the most obvious feature of Chinese negotiators. But west businessmen, especially Americans are likely to discuss the details first and try to avoid the principle. They value details very much and think noting about the unity. Accordingly, they want to discuss the details at the beginning of negotiation. They are direct and simple in negotiation. As a matter of fact, many facts show that General principles first have impact of constriction on the parts and details. For instance, our government insists on the principle that Hong Kong and Macao are undivided parts of China’s territory. In the important diplomatic negotiations such as Entering into relationship with America, Hong Kong’s and Macao’s Coming back into their motherland. It is under such principle that we established the tone of the negotiation and controlled the skeleton of the negotiation, thus we get the advantage and prompt the success of negotiation. 3. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures The culture differences in cross-cultural communication have various impacts on operation of enterprises. These differences will influence negotiation and management of transnational operation; what’s more, it may have bad effects on the harmonious relationship between our country and foreign countries. Maybe that will lead to the missing of market opportunities, the increase of trade cost and the low efficiency of company management. So, it is really necessary for us all to eliminate and avoid disadvantageous effects. 3. 1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. The negotiators must make good preparations if they want control the development of negotiation successfully in the complex situation. Only do they make good preparations can they make changes freely according to the situation of negotiation and avoid the happening of conflicts. Because the international business negotiation involves extensive aspects, more preparations are needed. The preparations often include the analysis of the negotiators themselves and the opponents; the constitution of negotiation group, elaborating the negotiating goal and strategy and going on imitation negotiation when necessary. When making preparations, you should try to know the opponents while you analyze yourselves. Analyzing yourselves mainly refers to studying if the project is feasible. To knowing about the opponents means understanding their strength such as credit status, the policy? business customs and regulations of their countries and the conditions of their negotiating members and so on. . 2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice Tolerating different cultures and overcoming cultural prejudice contribute to better communicating with each other and understanding each other. West people often think that they are powerful, capable and experienced, so sometimes, we need to recognize then and give then some good comments. We should learn about the foreign cultures before negotiation a nd accept and understand their cultures in negotiation, because every country regard their own cultures as a matter of course and hope that their culture could be recognized and accepted. 3. Conquering Communication Barriers Two trains running at different railways in the opposite direction will collide with each other; maybe this is the best arrangement for trains. But to communication between people, there won’t be communications if people go ahead according to their own ways. Trains will collide with each other if they run on the same railway at the opposite direction. But if we measure by the objective of people’s communication, only we meet each other, can we have communication and friendship. In negotiation, sometimes we can’t make much progress although we have talked for long time. And sometimes both parties are not satisfied. After thinking, that is caused by communication barriers which happen easily in cross-cultural negotiation. We should make sure if there appear communication barriers, if so, we must overcome them. Generally speaking, we should pay more attention to the following three communication barriers in cross-cultural negotiation: the communication barriers caused by culture background of both; the ones caused by misunderstanding of the contents and information from the partner; the ones caused by not being willing to accept the opponent’s contents and ideas. Conclusion â€Å"Social Customs varies in different countries†. In a word, cross- cultural communication will meet the problem of culture differences surely. In turn, culture differences also influence all aspects of international business communication. To avoid or to resolve the culture differences is a huge task in international business negotiation. In order to step into the international market successfully, we must have the awareness of culture differences, acknowledge culture differences and understand different cultures. Try to know yourself and know them. What’s more, we should respect different behavior of businessmen under different culture background, and then we could reduce unnecessary conflicts resulting from not respecting the opponents. It is beneficial for both to form an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation, reduce culture differences and turn disadvantages into advantages and benefits. Thus, we could avoid conflicts and obstacles, then to promote communication and harmony in international business negotiation. Bibliography 1]George Yule. The study of Language[M]. Cambridge University Press,2000:202-209 [2]Harvey, Paul,,â€Å"The Oxford Companion to English Literature† [M]. London: Oxford University Press. 1978:23-25 [3]Philip R Harris, Managing Cultural Differences [M]. Gulf Publishing Company, 1987:234-260 [4]Wang Cheng fa. A Glimpse of Foreign Land [J]. Kaifeng: Henan Univesity Press, 2000:58-62 [5]. [M]. : ,2000:2-6 [6]  · —— [M]. : ,2004 [7].. [M] : ,2003:340-342 [8]. [M]. : ,2001 Acknowledgements As acknowledgements for my paper, only I — the writer is responsible for the shortcomings. I much acknowledges my thanks to all my teachers, especially to Miss Liu Mifan, my supervisor, who has provides me support, critical ideas and careful suggestions. I also want to thank my family who always give me time, encouragement and secretarial services, especially my parents. Finally, my classmate and friends, who provided thoughtful and thorough reviews of my paper, must be acknowledged.

Treetop Forest

Statement of the problem The packaging team at Treetop Forest is experiencing many problems. Their productivity is decreasing and affecting the rest of the departments negatively. The unsupervised employees are slacking off, are not motivated and are adopting norms that are not fitted with the company. Inventory costs and the risk of damaged stocks are also increasing. The quality of the appearance of the finished products is also decreasing, resulting in a loss in the market share in the industry, hence being unable to compete with other companies. Cause of the problem Social loafing is causing the decrease in productivity in the packaging team. This tendency to withhold physical or intellectual effort when performing a group task[1] represents the slacking behaviours of the employees in that department. The lack of supervision is also one of the main causes of most of the problems stated. The group’s cohesiveness is causing them to behave in similar manners, as additive tasks, even though the behaviours adopted are not in line with the norms of the rest of the company (taking longer breaks etc). Because this department’s location is further than all the other ones, the employees feel isolated and excluded from the company, causing their lack in motivation. The group’s poor performance is causing an overstock which results in high inventory costs and risk of damaged stocks since they have to be stored outside ultimately causing the poor appearance of the finished product which affects the buyer’s decision. It can be assumed that it is a larger group due to the tasks that need to be performed, which affects the group in many ways. In larger groups, friendships develop, participation decreases and disengagement increases resulting in process loss: a group performance difficulty stemming from the problems of motivation and coordination in larger groups. [2] Solutions and Consequences 1. To counteract the social loafing the company should: Increase feelings of indispensability. Doing this within the group would motivate the employees. Increase performance feedback, so that employees will know how to improve themselves as well as knowing what they did well. Reward group performance. Pros: Highly motivated in what they are doing †¢ They would feel belonging to the company since they would know what the company’s goals are. 2. To have a more structured environment, Treetop should hire and train a new supervisor only for the packaging department. Pros: †¢ This solution will decrease inventory costs and increase the production and quality of the finished products. †¢ Effective communication betwe en the other departments to balance the productivity levels Cons: †¢ The salary and training of this new employee will increase the company’s costs. 3. To reduce the overtime costs, limits should be put on the amount of overtime hours an employee is allowed to use, along with a deadline for a specific amount of products. Pros: †¢ This would decrease the overtime salary costs †¢ This would increase productivity due to the fixed goals. †¢ This would decrease the extended break and lunch times. Cons: †¢ Because these goals are imposed, the employees may be reluctant to achieve them. To avoid this situation, the goals could be discussed therefore increasing the probability of their achievement. Recommended Solution It would be recommended to implant supervision since it is the main cause of all the problems the company is faced with and because of the many effects it would have on the situation. The group needs structure and a supervisor would therefore help resolve most problems. Implemented Solution Immediately, communication should be improved between the departments to stop the unbalanced productivity. This would resolve part of the inventory costs problems. Upper management should also put someone in charge of the packaging team. If costs of hiring a new supervisor are too high, an existing supervisor could be given more shifts. Although hiring and training costs are high, the company will benefit from this addition in the long-term. The new supervisor would counteract the social loafing the company is experiencing. The supervisor could be trained to focus on the motivation of his group (rewarding good performances etc). This supervisor is also the one who should limit the employees to a certain amount of overtime hours they are allowed to. The supervisor would reinforce the company’s norms, eventually eliminating the self-imposed ones in the group (longer breaks†¦). The supervisor would also promote group cohesiveness and a pleasant working environment. In the short term, upper management could host a meeting or assembly between all departments to make them feel interrelated and important to the company. This could be a great motivation for the employees. In the long term, group evaluations could be necessary to measure the group’s performance and to see if the actions taken are resolving the problems. ________________________________________ [1] Johns,G, & Saks, A. M. (2008). Organizational Behaviour, 7th edition, Toronto: Addison-Wesley-Longman. [2] Johns,G, & Saks, A. M. (2008). Organizational Behaviour, 7th edition, Toronto: Addison-Wesley-Longman.

In what ways did laws and actions concerning the westward expansion of Essay

In what ways did laws and actions concerning the westward expansion of the United states in the first half of the 19th Century ( - Essay Example As time passed by, however, negotiations gradually grew difficult as factions began polarizing triggered by events that defined each state’s values and interests. This was particularly evidenced during the westward territorial expansion of the US in the early 19th century. These events cultivated and advanced the schism that ultimately led to the Civil War between the North and the South. The Louisiana Purchase, for example, which was negotiated by the Jefferson government in 1803 with Napoleon Bonaparte, became an issue of contention between anti-slavery and pro-slavery in the halls of Congress. Petitions from various northern states, which were anti-slavery, urging the prohibition of slavery in the newly purchased territory, were delivered both in Congress and the Senate by their representatives. Foremost among the anti-slavery speeches were delivered by the representatives from Illinois and Pennsylvania. Representative Cook of Illinois proposed the granting of the Louisiana territory to slave owners in exchange of abandoning the practice. On the other hand, pro-slavery states such as Smith of South Carolina and Smyth of Virginia fiercely defended slavery as a natural state of condition of black people (Shearer 2004). Another historical event within the same period that saw the clash of the anti-slavery north and pro-slavery south was when Missouri applied for statehood in 1820. Most Missouri settlers at that time came from the south, bringing with them their slaves. Immediately, the anti-slavery north representatives objected to the application unless Missouri ban all future slave imports and institute a gradual slave freedom scheme, and the Senate rejected to deliberate and vote on the issue at all. In what is known as the Missouri Compromise, Missouri was finally allowed statehood conditioned on the term that all future slavery north of the southern Missouri boundary will be banned. The Compromise essentially resulted in the creation of a fictional westward north-south line that governed the state of slavery in all of the US. The anti-slavery north was at least gratified that most of the territories included in the Louisiana Purchase were north of said boundary (Bergad 2005). The Missouri Compromise turned out to have left some issues unsettled that eventually emerged when Missouri’s constitution included a provision that called for the exclusion of free Negroes and mulattoes from its jurisdiction. Once again, debates in Congress and the Senate over slavery became alive. In a subsequent negotiation known as the Second Missouri Compromise, Missouri was finally admitted for statehood with an added provision as a caveat that the provision in issue shall not imply blanket authority to enact laws that impair the rights of citizens (Bergrad 2005). The Texas application in 1836 as a slave state for admission into the Union was another instance of overt and passionate clash between pro and anti-slavery factions that eventually led to the Civil War. It was some thought, the straw that eventually broke the camel’s back. Texas was a chief producer of cotton and this industry was largely hinged on slavery labor. When Texas was admitted into the union as a slave state, the feeling of antipathy

Arrange marriage vs love marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arrange marriage vs love marriage - Essay Example Whiles being common in cultural communities within Asia, Africa, and Middle East, arranged marriages are characterized mainly by close parental involvement. In such a marriage, parents or elders within a community select for their children whom they will marry, and such a decision is arrived at based on compatibility as the parents or ‘matchmakers’ are experienced and have sound judgment. Normally, the main objective of an arranged marriage is to ensure future economic stability, prosperity, and harmonious coexistence between both families. Parents that arrange marriages for their children put more emphasis on personal habits, values, education, source of income and family life. Hence, this gives marriage a practical reason rather than an emotional one, as is the case with love marriages; since in the end, if passion or love fades there needs to be something that still binds the union. On the other hand, romantic love, mutual affection, and willingness to commit are attr ibuted to love marriages. In this case, the two parties decide to get married based on these attributes and parental involvement is minimal or non-existent. The mutual aspect of love marriages are what make it a favorable choice as both partners share an understanding and are comfortable around each other. Therefore, with regard to arranged marriages, the partners have to trust that the choice made by their parents is right and therefore, romantic feelings will come along as the marriage continues. It is important to note that arranged marriages differ from forced marriages as partners have the option of not consenting (Browne 89). In view of that arranged marriage is governed through wisdom from parents, which stems from their life experiences, this gives them an edge over love marriages. In addition, the bride and groom selected hail from similar background and economic status, share important values and personal habits; all of which make them compatible. Secondly, arranged marria ges create a sense of order in the community, as heeding to a choice made by the parents implies respect. This coupled with the fact that a marital union in arranged marriages focuses on a harmonious coexistence between families of both partners (Das). In addition, arranged marriages are based on compatibility as opposed to physical attraction as is the case with love marriages. Parents who get involved in selecting a partner for their children look for similar qualities, life ambitions and personal habits and values. This is seen to establish a sense of commitment as physical attraction fades. Having something profound as similar values shared, allows for sticking it out in a marriage even when things get tough. This pragmatic approach makes marital unions found as arranged marriages more sacred (Bentley). In addition, love marriages are usually decided upon blindly following only mutual affection for each other. However, more often than not, this does not hold against the test of time and conflicts that arise as the marriage progresses, and this explains the need for arranged marriages. Hence, love marriages lead to divorce as opposed to arranged marriages because it is inevitable that in the end of the drama passion will fade. In addition, these forms of marriages are arrived at in haste and crucial issues may be overlooked, and end up coming to haunt the couple later on in the future when the passion has faded (Leung). Despite the fact that it is crucial to base a

Process Analysis Essay on the Various Types of Development Patterns

Process Analysis on the Various Types of Development Patterns - Essay Example I had never heard of many of the different types of patterns of development. Therefore subsequent to the initial introduction to this pattern by the lecturer I decided I needed to obtain additional material in order to enhance my ability to effectively utilize the process analysis. Thus, I searched the internet and other text for a more detailed analysis of the process. I then decided to attempt to write a process analysis on my own. The assignment to choose a type of pattern of development and write an essay displaying the process analysis has been a challenging but a formative experience. I began to analyze in a systematic manner the necessary steps for the process. This approach was rather trying in the context that I did not exist in a vacuum. William Shakespeare’s allusion to the fact that â€Å"life is a stage and we are the actors† rings true when one considers the plethora of activities from which one must devote one’s time. At one point I became so overwhelmed that I had no other choice but to create a to-do list in order to prioritize my activities. Thus, after the creation of the to-do list and the prioritization of the activities, I eventually arrived at the stage when it was time to write. I brainstormed the ideas, created a semantic map and itemized the content of my five paragraphs that were needed for the process analysis essay. I, therefore, wrote the paragraphs and edited e ach paragraph for errors in grammar or spelling. It was a fulfilling experience because it allowed me to observe in an objective manner the various stages through which my practice of the writing was taking me. I began by having very little knowledge about the writing process. After the initial practice, I discovered that my writing skill was rather mediocre and needed a great deal of improvement. I began, therefore, to experiment with the different types of patterns of development.

Consider the functions of directors,company secretaries, auditors and Essay - 1

Consider the functions of directors,company secretaries, auditors and shareholders. In what ways do they contribute to the operation of both private and public limited companies - Essay Example Therefore the given essay analyses the role of all these four groups of actors (directors, company secretaries, auditors and shareholders) in order to demonstrate the importance of each of them in operation of both private and public companies. Firstly, directors are the key actors for the company’s performance on market. In general, they are important because they create the policy of the company (Osemeke, 2014). In the circumstances of either private or public limited company, this role changes only slightly. In fact, private company may have sole director, while public limited company needs two or more directors (Rosenfalck, 2013). In addition, Directors Board becomes the only significant representative, if there is no existing controlling stakeholder in the company (Davies, 2010). Frequently, this situation appears in private companies (Rosenfalck, 2013). Furthermore, the directors of the company are trained to act their instructions or directions. For example, when there is a serious loss in capital of public company, directors have to gather an extraordinary general meeting not later than 56 days from the day of half or less capital reduction (Rosenfalck, 2013). According to Osemeke, (2014), failures and bankr uptcies of the company are mostly to result an ineffective directors board. In this context, ineffective work of the board has been shown in a recent failures of big companies like Enron and HIH (Convill and Bagaric, 2004). Moreover, Davies (2010) said that directors should care and promote the company’s success and do independent actions. In fact, directors of public companies must be sure that they hire competent company secretary (Rosenfalck, 2013). Among the main flaws of directors that have a direct effect on the company’s performance, according to Osemeke (2014) â€Å"lack of training and induction

The Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Literacy - Essay Example These factors exalted me into the field of being a writer, with the prospects of further enriching my personality with the benefits of literacy. In my everyday life, the effectiveness and benefits of literacy are exhibited by how most of the human activities and actions revolve around literacy-based ideologies. This ranges from all spheres of human activity, including economic, social, spiritual, and even political welfares of the contemporary human life. Among these, the most conspicuous effect of literacy, especially in my daily life is the way in which literacy turns my economic ability as a person. As a writer, literacy, and writing form the basis for individual prosperity in terms of economic welfares. This is especially in light of the aspect that the higher the level of literacy, the higher the economic outcome. Furthermore, the connection is further enhanced by the fact that high literacy levels bring more opportunities as I can be a freelancer hence further self-improvement in terms of economic aspects. This higher economic prospect has always led to higher chances of enhancing the literacy level even further as I continually take more classes to enhance my knowledge, and this extends to continually improving the economic muscle. Therefore, this forms one of the most evident effects of literacy especially on me as a writer who relies on literature as a chief source of income. Moreover, as a writer, literacy extends the level of self-confidence through the provision of knowledge.

Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Management Principles - Essay Example All managers are accountable for performing the four management functions namely, planning, organizing, leading and controlling work (Schermerhorn, 16). While planning involves objective and goal setting as well as designing methods or procedures to achieve the goals, organizing functions involve arranging tasks, people and other resources to achieve these goals. In order to achieve goals through people and by the use of available resources, managers must be able to effectively inspire their workforce in the right manner. All activities performed by the workforce need to be constantly monitored in order to ensure the tasks are being performed in the right manner. Moreover, managers need to monitor other resources for optimum output and for achieving the targeted performance. These core functions require specific skills and competencies, which managers need to learn by adopting specific behaviors and learning skills related to technical, human and interpersonal, concept and analytic a spects (Schermerhorn, 21-23). Management is greatly influenced by a variety of external and internal factors. External environmental factors that can impact organizational processes include competition, innovative products/services, governmental regulations etc.

Samsung Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Samsung Company analysis - Essay Example Product/services and geographic scope The company would promote the products through advertising campaigns in UK. Samsung will continue the brand promotion strategies using celebrities with promotional activities in malls and outlets (Semenik, Allen, & O'Guinn, 2008). Samsung offers a variety of products ranging from LCD and LED panels, mobile phones, semi-conductors, televisions and digital cameras. Till 2005, the company allocated more than 75% of the in-house production capacity to the countries like China, Mexico, India, identified as low cost countries. The operations of mobile phone operations of the company are mainly based in Northern China. In the first part of 2006, Samsung began to produce mid- and high-end handsets in India. The mobile phone manufacturing centres include Korea, UK, China, Japan and USA (Samsung-c, n.d.). Competitors Although the company enjoys a large market share, the company faces some serious threat from the other developed or developing companies, nam ely, Sony Corporation, Videocon and some other well-known brands. If these are direct competitors, the indirect competitors include Media Player from Microsoft, Ovi player from Nokia and several local brands (Schwarzinger, 2012). Sony is a company from Japan and leads the market in consumer-durable products. The prices charged by Sony are generally high, but if one looks for quality, then Sony is the best option to opt for (Sony, 2012). PEST Analysis Political: The political conditions of the countries where Samsung operate pose some risk. The political climate of South Korea became a worrying factor. In the African continent and in the countries of South East Asia, Samsung has distinct disadvantages as the business environment is hostile (Husso, 2011). Economic: Samsung follows a healthy marketing strategy in the countries where they operate. Since high levels of disposable income are required from the consumers to buy their products, Samsung targets the middle income classes. The company tries to enter into the countries where the business cycle for the offered products is in initial stages. Social: The company has been able to integrate itself according to the market structures. The ‘think global, act local’ mindset strengthens the landscape. It has effectively bridged the gap between culture and society. The company initiates to link a balance between the tastes and aspirants of the consumers with the amount of disposable income they possess (Henry, 2008). Technological: The company can take pride depending on the innovative approaches it launches. The products are made using cutting-edge technologies, and the attractive designs are the incentives it provides to the customers. The innovations are the biggest strength of Samsung, and the technological advancements lay the foundation stone to cement the place of Samsung in global markets. SWOT Analysis Strength: The brand value of the company is the biggest strength. The new innovation of 3D tel evision is selling like hot cakes in the market. It is of no surprise that Samsung is the company with the largest market share of 3D television. Other types of television, namely, the LED television, have been successful in providing a large consumer base to the

Death According to Socrates and Roland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death According to Socrates and Roland - Essay Example A majority of sixty voted to convict Socrates, and he jokingly offered to pay a fine of 100 drachmae, a fifth of his property. The prosecutor was not happy with this and pushed for the death, a penalty of which the jury agreed by a margin of 360 to 140. Although his supporters encouraged him to flee, Socrates did not and would not repent for his actions professing that he would rather die in his own manner than live like those who had condemned him. Socrates stated, "I say, gentlemen, to those who voted to kill me, that vengeance will come upon you immediately after my death, a vengeance much harder to bear than that which you took in killing me" (Plato 40). In essence, Socrates believed his death would teach others to hold fast to their convictions, even in the face of condemnation by an unjust society. The Song of Roland is touted as the oldest known major work of French literature. It is written as an epic poem depicting heroic deeds that took place in 778 A.D., when Charlemagne's retreating army was attacked by pagan armies. Roland was an army soldier, said to be a nephew of Charlemagne. The tale speaks of betrayal and revenge within Charlemagne's army, with Roland and his fellow soldier Oliver being left with only an army of twelve peers when thousands of Franks attack. Oliver pleads to Roland to retreat, however, Roland states, "Hold the field, let us not be beaten! The French say: 'A curse on the man who runs away! Until death itself not one of us will fail you'" (Merwin 35). Roland and his peers are successful in battle after a bloody fight which includes slicing off limbs. Roland eventually suffers a severe injury to his temple, not through battle but by blowing his horn at the urging of a comrade to call Charlemagne's troops. "Count Roland, in pain and anguish, and in grea t sorrow, blows a blast on his ivory horn, and the bright blood flows from his mouth, and the veins burst on his forehead, but the sound of the horn swells and mounts" (Merwin 55). Roland continues to fight, despite his injury, tries to unsuccessfully break his sword, and then "His brains have begun to seep out through his ears. He prays for the peers, asking God to summon them to His presence, and then for himself he calls upon the angel Gabriel.appearRoland is dead and God has taken his soul into heaven" (Merwin 69 & 73). It is clear that Roland fought a valiant fight and his honor and morality would not allow him to surrender even in the face of impossible odds. Therefore, Roland believed that his death would teach others to never give up on beliefs and values, even if faced with certain demise and destruction. How Does Socrates' and Roland's Beliefs Reflect the Values of Athens and Medieval Europe Socrates' beliefs do not appear to reflect the values of ancient Athens. He was not satisfied with accepting the mores of the day and questioned the influential figures of the time, whose reputations for wisdom and virtue he debunked through his questioning. Socrates also taught his students this method of inquiry, which greatly upset the established order and moral values of Athens. Socrates criticized democracy, including the local voting process, yet he also fought and argued for obedience to local

Principle of Account Essay Example for Free

Principle of Account Essay A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is theoptical microscope which uses light to image the sample. Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope. Microscope 1. An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combination of lenses, for making an enlarged image of an object which is too minute to be viewed by the naked eye. Parts and Specifications Historians credit the invention of the compound microscope to the Dutch spectacle maker, Zacharias Janssen, around the year 1590. The compound microscope uses lenses and light to enlarge the image and is also called an optical or light microscope (vs. an electron microscope). The simplest optical microscope is the magnifying glass and is good to about ten times (10X) magnification. The compound microscope has two systems of lenses for greater magnification, 1) the ocular, or eyepiece lens that one looks into and 2) the objective lens, or the lens closest to the object. Before purchasing or using a microscope, it is important to know the functions of each part. Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that you look through. They are usually 10X or 15X power. Tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base Base: The bottom of the microscope, used for support Illuminator: A steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror. If your microscope has a mirror, it is used to reflect light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage. Stage: The flat platform where you place your slides. Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down. Revolving Nosepiece or Turret: This is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power. Objective Lenses: Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. They almost always consist of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X powers. When coupled with a 10X (most common) eyepiece lens, we get total magnifications of 40X (4X times 10X), 100X , 400X and 1000X. To have good resolution at 1000X, you will need a relatively sophisticated microscope with an Abbe condenser. The shortest lens is the lowest power, the longest one is the lens with the greatest power. Lenses are color coded and if built to DIN standards are interchangeable between microscopes. The high power objective lenses are retractable (i. . 40XR). This means that if they hit a slide, the end of the lens will push in (spring loaded) thereby protecting the lens and the slide. All quality microscopes have achromatic, parcentered, parfocal lenses. Rack Stop: This is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get to the slide. It is set at the factory and keeps students from cranking the high power objective lens down into the slide and breaking things. You would only need to adjust this if you were using very thin slides and you werent able to focus on the specimen at high power. Tip: If you are using thin slides and cant focus, rather than adjust the rack stop, place a clear glass slide under the original slide to raise it a bit higher) Condenser Lens: The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the specimen. Condenser lenses are most useful at the highest powers (400X and above). Microscopes with in stage condenser lenses render a sharper image than those with no lens (at 400X). If your microscope has a maximum power of 400X, you will get the maximum benefit by using a condenser lenses rated at 0. 5 NA or greater. 0. 65 NA condenser lenses may be mounted in the stage and work quite well. A big advantage to a stage mounted lens is that there is one less focusing item to deal with. If you go to 1000X then you should have a focusable condenser lens with an N. A. of 1. 25 or greater. Most 1000X microscopes use 1. 25 Abbe condenser lens systems. The Abbe condenser lens can be moved up and down. It is set very close to the slide at 1000X and moved further away at the lower powers. Diaphragm or Iris: Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. There is no set rule regarding which setting to use for a particular power. Rather, the setting is a function of the transparency of the specimen, the degree of contrast you desire and the particular objective lens in use. How to Focus Your Microscope: The proper way to focus a microscope is to start with the lowest power objective lens first and while looking from the side, crank the lens down as close to the specimen as possible without touching it. Now, look through the eyepiece lens and focus upward only until the image is sharp. If you cant get it in focus, repeat the process again. Once the image is sharp with the low power lens, you should be able to simply click in the next power lens and do minor adjustments with the focus knob. If your microscope has a fine focus adjustment, turning it a bit should be all thats necessary. Continue with subsequent objective lenses and fine focus each time. What to look for when purchasing a microscope. If you want a real microscope that provides sharp crisp images then stay away from the toy stores and the plastic instruments that claim to go up to 600X or more. There are many high quality student grade microscopes on the market today. They have a metal body and all glass lenses. One of the most important considerations is to purchase your instrument from a reputable source. Although a dealer may give you a great price, they may not be around next year to help you with a problem. One dealer that we can highly recommend is Microscope World. They offer a wide variety of instruments at very competitive prices.

Hydrogenating ability of Wilkinsons catalyst

Hydrogenating ability of Wilkinsons catalyst Wilkinsons catalyst was prepared from rhodium (III) chloride and refluxed in ethanol with triphenylphosphine, with a measured yield of 72.7%. The efficacy and regioselectivity of Wilkinsons catalyst was then assessed by reaction with carvone in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas at 1 atm, and the product was analysed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Introduction Tris-(Triphenylphophine)chloro rhodium(I) was discovered and first profiled by Wilkinson et al in 1965, and noted for its ability to selectively hydrogenate terminal alkenes to alkanes[1]. It was only with the further publishing in 1968 that Wilkinsons catalyst was thoroughly characterised.[2] It was the first homogenous catalyst with the ability to perform this function at a rate similar to that of heterogenous catalysts, without having to resort to high pressures or temperatures in the process. Wilkinsons catalyst is unusual in its ability to easily form a dihydride, despite it being a diphosphine, since these compounds are often either short-lived or difficult to detect.[3] In the above diagram, Wilkinsons catalyst (1) undergoes ligand substitution with a solvent molecule to create the active form of Wilkinsons catalyst (2)[4]. Hydrogen is then attached via oxidative addition (3)4, oxidising Rhodium from +1 to +3 oxidation state and resulting in a change of colour from red to yellow[5]. The prepared catalyst is then injected into the mixture, at which point it complexes with the rhodium centre via the pi bond (4)[6]. The solvent then leaves the complex (5). H migrates to the alkene first due to proximity, with H migrating second[7]. A solvent molecule takes the place of the leaving alkane, converting the catalyst back to its active form (7). The pi bond formed between the alkene and the Rhodium is characterised by back-donation from a d-orbital overlap with the ?* anti-bonding orbital. This back donation, coupled with donation from the ? bond on the alkene results in the ? bond being much weaker and more susceptible to being broken than uncoordinated ethene. 13C-NMR has shown that bonds formed between the a rhodium centre and other alkene complexes bond show significant s-character, typified by downfield shift, or in other words, lack of electron density surrounding them compared to typical alkene spectrum[9]. This lack of electron density makes the carbon atoms very attractive targets for the hydride ligands attached to the Rhodium to migrate to. It is this ability to remove electron density from the alkene ? orbital, while simultaneously back-donating density to the ?* that makes Wilkinsons catalyst so effective. Wilkinsons catalyst cannot hydrogenate areas of conjugation, so theoretically only bond (3) should be hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen and Wilkinsons catalyst[10]. This experiment will assess the selectivity of the hydrogenating abilities of Wilkinsons catalyst, and its regioselectivity and chemoselectivity in regards to a molecule with several areas capable of hydrogenation. The products in this experiment will be analysed using 1H-NMR data. Experimental Preparation of catalyst Triphenylphosphine (0.52g, 1.98mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (20ml). RhCl3.3H2O (0.08g, 0.3mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (4ml). Both solutions were degassed with nitrogen. The rhodium solution was then added to the PPh3 solution and this was refluxed in a nitrogen atmosphere for 90 minutes. After cooling, the remaining solution and precipitate were removed and filtered via sinter funnel filtration. The yield for the Wilkinson catalyst was determined (0.180g, 0.218mmol, 72.7%). Hydrogenation of carvone Under a pressure of one atmosphere of hydrogen, a flask was injected with the previously prepared catalyst. Carvone (0.5g, 3.33mmol), in a solution of toluene (2ml) was then added to this flask. Consumption of hydrogen, measured using syringes, was recorded at 46cm3, (2.05mmol) representing a 61.6% yield of the hydrogenated carvone product. Results Colour changes Rhodium (III) chloride powder is a black powder. As reflux progressed and the Wilkinsons catalyst was produced, the solution went slowly from black to a brown-red suspension. This is illustrated in figure 4. Hudson et al have also reported an unknown brown precipitate, which appeared to exhibit similar catalytic properties[11]. Wilkinson et al also reported orange precipitate with identical chemical properties[12]. Yields and Errors A total of 0.180g of Wilkinsons catalyst was produced in the experiment, a 72.7% yield, which compares favourably with other studies indicating yields of between 60[13]-88[14]%. 46cm3 of hydrogen gas was absorbed in the process of the experiment, representing a total absorbance of 2.05mmol of hydrogen gas. In passing gas through the solution, it turned yellow, which is consistent with other experimental observations[15] [16]. Considerable agitation of the solution was required so as to allow adequate complexation of the hydrogen gas. Assuming the entirety of this gas hydrogenated the terminal olefin group in carvone; this represents a 61.6% yield of hydrogenation. However, it is entirely likely that a higher yield would have been obtained had the experiment continued for a longer period of time. The yield of hydrogen gas may also be misleading since it is difficult to completely hermetically seal all the apparatus, and it is also difficult to estimate the extent to which gas may have escaped from the reaction vessel. Products obtained from hydrogenation Carvone has several sites available for hydrogenation/reduction. However, RhCl(PPh3)3 will only selectively hydrogenate terminal alkenes, as described by Wilkinson et al. This hypothesis is supported by 1H-NMR data[17] of carvone and the product of hydrogenation. There is no change at peaks 6.69ppm, indicating that this protons environment was not affected by the hydrogenation. The slight downfield shift of the protons of signal between 2.2-2.7ppm to an area between 1.9-2.5ppm indicates that there is less electron density surrounding these protons. These signals were assigned to groups near to the hydrogenated bond, and so this is fairly conclusive evidence that the terminal bond was hydrogenated. The minor signal at 4.72 and 4.75ppm indicate a slight contamination of the sample with carvone. Conclusion The yield obtained by the method followed to synthesize Wilkinsons catalyst afforded values similar to that given in literature. The experiment clearly demonstrated by 1H-NMR data that Wilkinsons catalyst efficiently hydrogenates terminal alkene bonds selectively. A more quantitative study could be performed, wherein systems containing non-conjugated alkene systems were tested for hydrogenation. This would allow more stringent analysis and more precise definition of the hydrogenation abilities of Wilkinsons catalyst. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my demonstrators Mr Adam Bunt and Mr Li-Chen Han for their valuable advice and discussion during the experiment. References J.A.Osborn, G.Wilkinson, J.F.Young, Chem. Comm., 1965, 17 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 Illya D. Dridnev, T. Imamoto, Chem. Commun., 2009, 7447-7464 T. N. Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books (2006), pp.503 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 P.S. Kalsi, Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism 6th Edition, New Age International (2005), pp.449 M. Carvalho, L. F. Wieserman, D. M. Hercules, App. Spec., Vol. 6, Iss. 3, pp. 290-296 P. Atkins, T. Overton, J Rourke, M. Weller, F. Armstrong, Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp.536 W. von Phillipsborn, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 513-528 J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1711-1732 B. Hudson, P. C. Taylor, D. E. Webster, P. B. Wells, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1968, 46, 37-47 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 B. Hudson, P. C. Taylor, D. E. Webster, P. B. Wells, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1968, 46, 37-47 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 S. Montelatici, A. van der Ent, J. A. Osborn, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc A, 1968, 1054-1058 J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1711-1732 1H-NMR spectrum data taken from http://dlm.chm.bris.ac.uk/dlm2009-10/file.php/28/resources/Wilkinson_NMR.pdf

International Terrestrial Cable in Bangladesh

International Terrestrial Cable in Bangladesh Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction of the report: The internet has become an essential part of human life as it is the main mode of communication now a days. Internet is the interconnected computer network where billions of devices are connected through the backbone of optical networking technologies in modern days. My interest was to observe the rapid development of this communication mode and for this I have studied the optical transmission and networking systems and different protocols by working as an intern in the NOC department of 1 Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. Finally I have made a report of whatever I have learnt throughout my 3 months long internship program. 1.2 Reason for selecting the specific industry: Telecommunication is growing with the vast use of internet in Bangladesh. The introduction of optical fiber transmission both in submarine and terrestrial over satellite communication made it easy to spread the global connectivity throughout the major cities in Bangladesh. 1 Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. is one out of six companies which has the ITC license. Thus it serves as a domestic internet upstream for all the major ISP, IIG and IGW companies in Bangladesh using its terrestrial optical transmission technology. To better understand the optical transmission system and the IP network system it was the best choice to join as an intern in a company like 1 Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. 1.3 Purpose of the Internship: To fulfill the requirements for the degree of the Bachelor of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. To see the practical implementation of what was studied during the university program. To learn how a telecom company operates its technical functions. To make recommendations on the basis of the study done. 1.4 Methods of Collecting Data: The data for making this report was collected in many ways. Primary data, as well as secondary data for completing the task of report writing about this internship were used. Some of the methods which are used are discussed below. Use of Primary Data: Primary Data which were used for completing the report are as follows: Self-observation Discussions with the officers Informal interview from the customers Use of Secondary Data: Secondary Data which were used for completing the report are as follows: 1 Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. brochure 1 Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. websites Several articles on the internet related with the field of study Research reports of several authors related with the field of study Chapter 2: Backgrounds 2.1 Background of ITC and IIG in Bangladesh: International Terrestrial Cable (ITC) operator: In 2006 the internet of Bangladesh has been connected to the world by a single submarine cable, Sea-Me-We 4 (SMW4). SMW4 is 18,800 kilometer-long optical-fiber system and its landing station of Bangladesh is at Cox’s Bazar. Since SMW4’s activation, national Internet outages have struck Bangladesh in regular basis. When any portion of this optical fiber system is damaged, it takes huge time for maintenance and thus virtually all internet bandwidth of Bangladesh disappears,pushing local internet providers to retreat to slow and expensive satellite services or to simply wait for restoration. A 20,000 km long secondary optical fiber system SMW5 is under construction and the landing port in Bangladesh will be at Mongla The SMW5 consortium signed the construction and maintenance agreement on March 7, 2014. But the complexation will take long time. In the meantime, major disruptions of Bangladesh’s Internet service continue to occur. The planned maintenances and failures in SMW4 system make all understood that how susceptible Bangladesh’s internet connectivity really is. These events thus encourage the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) to take alternative measures. In 2012, the BTRC issued licenses to six companies to connect to India via the International Terrestrial Cable (ITC). The six International Terrestrial Cable (ITC) operators are: 1Asia Alliance Communication Ltd., Novocom Limited BD Link Communication Ltd., Mango Teleservices Ltd., Summit Communications Ltd., and [emailprotected] Limited. This inauguration of an operational terrestrial connection to India to serve as an alternative to SMW4 is a great achievement for Bangladesh’s telecommunication sector. Currently these six ITC operators are connected to Tata Communications and Bharti Airtel via Benapole TCLS. International Internet Gateway (IIG) operator The telecom sector in Bangladesh is rapidly exposing. Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) is the regulatory authority for this sector. In 2007 BTRC offer the license forInternational Internet Gateway (IIG) and from then number of IIG operators grow in this country. Currently there are 36 licensed IIG operators in Bangladesh. Few Major International Internet Gateway (IIG) operators are: 1Asia Alliance Communication Ltd. Aamra Companies Abir Telecommunication Apple Communication Bangla Phone Ltd bdHUB BD Link Communication BSCCL BTCL Cybergate Delta Infocom Earth Telecommunication Equitel Communications Fiber @ Home Global Fair Communications Greenland Technologies Intraglobe Communications Level3 Carrier Mango Teleservices MaxNet Online NovoCom Radiant Communications Limited REGO Communications IIGs in Bangladesh serve as a gateway for routing International incoming and outgoing Internet based data traffic additionally working as a national internet exchange (NIX) for exchanging national internet-based data traffic. Most of the gateways are connected with country’s sole submarine cable SMW4 as their main link and with the satellite earth station/VSAT as back up until another submarine cable SMW5 is available. When ITC operators in Bangladesh were introduced these IIG companies started using ITC services as an alternative to SMW4. BTRC has made a rule that all ISPs in Bangladesh shall be connected to global internet through these IIGs. IIG operators mainly provide their services to the ISPs, carriers and large corporations of the country. They use extensive local and international internet peering and transit. Even IIGs are interconnected with national IX (Internet Exchange) BDIX and several international IX thus their customers can access all global internet routes through the minimum number of hops. These operators give their customers the choice to subscribe the bandwidth based on the destination of their traffic. Their goal is to reduce network traffic congestion and maintain shorter latency. 2.2 Background of the company About the company: 1Asia Alliance Communication Limited (1AACL) is a joint venture company formed between Alliance Holdings Limited, Bangladesh and 1Asia Communication (BD) Ltd. It is a sister concern of Singapore based 1Asia Communication Pte. Ltd. The company was formed by a group of NRBs with over 20 years’ experience in the telecommunications business. The company carries the licenses from BTRC to provide ITC and IIG services to its clients in Bangladesh. 1AACL is also the first ITC operator in Bangladesh. Since its birth, 1AACL has established enormous footprints in the ICT sector of the country. It is running parallel with the country’s drive towards digitalization and higher internet penetration. The ITC project of 1AACL brings a much required backup for to the country’s lone submarine cable SMW4. The company offers its services to several ISPs, IGWs, IIGs, and corporate clients across the country. Licenses: IIG: License awarded on 12/04/2012, commercially started on 01/10/2012 ITC: License awarded on 05/01/2012, commercially started on 12/12/2012 Services: IPLC/MPLS IP Transit Satellite BW service Managed data network service VPN service Co-location service Client types: IIGs ISPs IGWs Enterprise customers International PoPs (Point of Presence): Chennai Mumbai Equinix Building, Singapore Epsilon Global Hub, London 60 Hudson Street, NY Local PoPs: HQ-Alliance Building, Dhaka Coloasia-Borak tower, Dhaka Chittagong-Akhtaruzzaman Center, Agrabad Benapole-Chowdhury Super Market, Zero Point, Check Post, Benapole Technology Partners: Tata Communication Ltd Bharti Airtel TIS Chunghwa Equinix-IX SG-IX Level3 Cogent Google Timeline of Infrastructure: 2012 to 2013 1AACL head quarter setup Benapole POP setup ITC backhaul setup 1Asia Alliance own WDM Network Secondary ITC Network Setup Tertiary ITC Network Setup Interconnection Equinix, Singapore Interconnection TATA, Chennai Mumbai Interconnection Airtel, Chennai Interconnection TIS, Singapore 2013 to 2014 Chittagong Pop Setup Pop at ColoAsia, Dhaka London Pop Setup Peering with Google, Facebook, Microsoft Interconnection Epsilon GH, London Interconnection Level3 Cogent Interconnection Equinix-IX SG-IX 2014 to Present New York, USA Pop Setup Departments: Administration Accounts Marketing Sales Logistics HR Technical : Transmission, IP Core, Service Delivery , NOC Strength: ITC Backhaul Systems (Dhaka- Benapole) Primary ITC Network: 1Asia Alliance’s Own System WDM network with 8 Lamda capacity Secondary ITC Network: [emailprotected] /Swapping Tertiary ITC Network: ITC Consortium/City Cell Number Of ITC Operators in Connection: 06 Cisco 12000 Series Flagship Routers as Core Aggregation Equipment Full Routing TABLE Implementation Auto Switch Over Routing Through ITC with different upstream carrier Switch Room Level Redundancy in National Segment International PoPs at Chennai, Mumbai, Singapore, London, New York Native IPv6 Peering (Upstreams Major Players) Direct Peering, Impressive RTD 2.3 Background study on research papers Research Paper 1 Title: Soliton Transmission in Fiber Optics for Long Distance Communication Authors: Mehul G.Patel (1), S. B. Khant (2) Affiliation: PG Student [SPC], Dept. of ECE, A.D.Patel Institute of Technology,V.U.Nagar,Gujarat, India (1) , Assistant professor, Dept. of ECE, A.D.Patel Institute of Technology, V.U.Nagar,Gujarat, India (2) Research Problem: The research discusses the reasons for the limit in information carrying capacity of optical communication systems. Research Methodology or Approach: Quantitative Research Solution and Results: Soliton based optical fiber communication systems are more suitable for long haul communication because of their very high information carrying capacity and repeater less transmission. Comments The research paper highlights one of the important weakness of optical fiber communication in long distance. In that respect the research problem is a good one. The research methodology is quantitative. But it could be better if more practical surveys were implemented. The result shows the mathematical solution of the problem. But it could be better if some practical result/evidence was shown. Strengths vs. Weaknesses: The discussion on the current problem in optical transmission is the strength of this research. But the result showing only mathematical solution is the weakness. Opportunities: Advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication, Dispersion Phenomenon References: [1] Gerd Keiser,Optical Fiber Communications, 4thedition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008. [2] http://hank.uoregon.edu. [3] R. Gangwar, S. P. Singh, and N. Singh, â€Å"Soliton based optical communication’’,Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 74, 157–166, 2007. [4] Akira Hasegawa, â€Å"Soliton-based ultra-high speed optical communications’’, Vol. 57, Nos5 6-journal of physics Nov. Dec. 2001. [5] Opsim-appnotes.pdf. [6] R. Ganapathy, K. Porsezian, A. Hasegawa, Life Fellow, IEEE, and V. N. Serkin,â€Å"Soliton Interaction Under Soliton Dispersion Management’’, IEEE journal of quantum electronics, Vol. 44, NO. 4, April 2008. [7] David S. Ricketts, Member, IEEE, Xiaofeng Li, Student Member, IEEE, â€Å"On the Self-Generation of Electrical Soliton Pulses’’, IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, Vol. 42, NO. 8, August 2007. [8] Yang Jing Wen and Xiang Lin Yang,Senior Member, IEEE, â€Å"Quasi-Transform-Limited Pulse Transmission in Dispersion Managed Soliton System’’, IEEE photonics technology letters, Vol. 11, NO. 4, April 1999. [9] Kuppusamy Porsezian, Ramanathan Ganapathy, Akira Hasegawa, Life Fellow, IEEE, and Vladimir N. Serkin, â€Å"Nonautonomous Soliton Dispersion Management’’, IEEE journal of quantum electronics, vol. 45, no. 12, December 2009. [10] Hiroyuki Toda, Katsuyuki Mino, Yuji Kodama, Akira Hasegawa, Life Fellow, IEEE, and Peter A. Andrekson, Member, IEEE, Member, OSA,â€Å"Influence of Noise in Optical Pulse Source on Soliton Transmission’’, journal of lightwave technology, vol. 17, no. 6, June 1999. Research Paper 2 Title: Optical Fiber Based Communication Network Authors: Dr. Dharamvir Singh Affiliation: Assistant Professor, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055 (Haryana) India Research Problem: This research discuss about the different technologies used in the fiber based communication network. It also focuses the advantages of newly developed technology over the conventional ones. Research Methodology or Approach: Correlation Research Solution and Results: The physics of the optical fibers are discussed here and it points to a solution that technological revolution of fiber optic communication is happening due to the development of capacity increasing methods and the introductions of high speed devices. Comments The research paper discusses the very basic requirements for an optical fiber communication. It is very helpful to understand the optical fiber communication technology at a glance The research methodology is correlative. And it is a better method to show the advantages of new technology over the existing one. The research does not reflect to any strong solution for a particular problem rather it describes the different aspects of the optical fiber communication. Strengths vs. Weaknesses: The discussion on the different technology used in optical fiber communication is the strength of this research. But it does not focus to any specific problem which needs to solved which is its weakness Opportunities: Transmission Windows, Attenuation, Transmitters, Receivers References: [1] S.G. Karshenboim, â€Å"Fundamental physical constants: looking from different anglesâ€Å", Can. J. Phys. 83, 767-811, (2005). [2] S. M. Foreman, K. W. Holman, D. D. Hudson, D. J. Jones, and J. Ye, â€Å"Remote transfer of ultrastable frequency references via fiber networks†, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 021101 (2007). [3] C. Daussy, O. Lopez, A. Amy-Klein, A. Goncharov , M. Guinet, C. Chardonnet, F. Narbonneau, M. Lours, D. Chambon, S. Bize, A. Clairon, G. Santarelli, M.E. Tobar and A.N. Luiten, â€Å"Long-Distance Frequency Dissemination with a Resolution of 10-17†, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203904 (2005). [4] Alwayn, Vivek, Fiber-Optic Technologies. Cisco Systems, 12- 31 (2006). [5] S. M. Foreman, K. W. Holman, D. D. Hudson, D. J. Jones, and J. Ye, â€Å"Remote transfer of ultrastable frequency references via fiber networks†, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 021101 (2007). Research Paper 3 Title: Next Gen. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Authors: Shaikh Bilal Anees (1) Sameer Khan (2), Shah Akhtar Ali (3) Affiliation: Electronics Telecom Dept. AIKTC, Mumbai University, India, (1), (2), (3) Research Problem: The existing DWDM system does not meet the current bandwidth requirements of the corporate, which is up to 1Tb/s. In this research it broadly describes the advantages of the next generation DWDM over the existing system and how it can meet the required demand. It also describes the other possible solutions. Research Methodology or Approach: Meta-analysis Research Solution and Results: The research ends with two solutions. One solution is to use the modulation technique RZ-DPSK over long haul systems. Second one is the utilization of DCF Comments This paper discusses several options to increase the capacity of optical fiber transmission over long haul. It could be better if some more studies are put into this. The research methodology is meta-analysis. It relates all the possible solution to come up with the goal of this research, and for this it is the successful approach. The research comes up with a good solution. Strengths vs. Weaknesses: Its focus on the recent development to transmit high capacity data is its strength. Few more studies like the modulations techniques could be described, which is its weakness. Opportunities: The ideas of DWDM, Light Sources and Detectors, Optical Fiber Distortion References: [1] Muralikrishna Gandluru à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Optical Networking And Dense Wavelenght Devision Multiplexing (DWDM)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-. [2] Biswanath Mukherjee à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challengesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-. [3] Introduction to DWDM Technology by Cisco ltd . [4] Fibre Optic Essentials by Casimer M. DeCusatis and Carolyn J. Sher DeCusatis . [5] Optical Fibers and RF: A Natural Combination by Malcolm Romeiser . [6] New functionalities for advanced optical interfaces (Dispersion compensation) byKazuo Yamane Photonic systems development dept. FUJITSU. [7] I. P. Kaminow, et al, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢A Wideband All-Optical WDM Networkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.14, No. 5, June 1996, pp. 780 799.) [8] Melià ¡n, B., Laguna, M., and Moreno, J.A., Capacity expansion of fiber optic networks with WDM systems: Problem formulation and comparative analysis, Computers and Operations Research, 31(3) (2004) 461-472. [9] E. Lowe, Current European WDM Deployment Trends, IEEE Communications Magazine, Feburary 1998, pp. 46-50.

Midsummer Nights Dream :: essays research papers

Midsummer Night’s Dream Questions and Answers 1. What does Shakespeare accomplish by setting most of the action at night and in the wood? Explain thoroughly. Use examples. Setting most of the action at night and in the woods creates a dreamlike world. There is no other place that holds more myth than the forest. Obernon makes clear that nighttime is fairies’ time. Theseus, who is present during the daylight, represents reason.The visions of fairies and magic are all related to the nighttime forest setting. Shakespeare was interested in how dreams worked, in how the events in the play transpired, and how time seems to change and loses track. Throughout the entire play, the young lovers are overcome by the magical power of the woods. They are put into a situation that is unrealistic which leads to bizarre mishaps. Even uncanny incidents happen to the fairies of the woods. Titania is put under a love spell and falls in the love with the ass-headed Nick Bottom. Puck reminds us in the end that if the play has offended anyone, they should simply remember it as being a dream. This helps make the play an incredible occurrence, rather than an intense dra ma. 2. Explain how Theseus represents the voice of reason and moderation. Be specific. Use examples and quotes (include act and line numbers) Theseus represents the voice of reason and moderation in the play because he seems to be the only normal character left. He only appears in the play during the daytime, when nothing magical occurs. He is the only character who shows complete sanity in the dreamlike fantasy world around him. He is the Duke of Athens so many people come to him with their problems. When Egeus comes to Theseus about the problem he is having with his daughter, Hermia, Theseus takes power over the situation. He explains to Hermia that if she goes against her father’s rules, by his words, she will be sentenced to death or sent to a convent. (Act 1, Scene 1, Pages 4 and 5, Lines 30-34). He states, â€Å"For you, fair Hermia, look you arm yourself to fit your fancies to your father’s will; Or else the law of Athens yields you up,- which by no means we may extenuate,- to death, or to a vow of single life.† Hermia is so in love that she can not make a reasonable decision, so she runs off in to the imaginative woods with Lysander.

Book Report :: essays research papers

A tiny town in Connecticut. Is this setting of Among Friends by Caroline B. Cooney. The time of year is from the beginning of the school year, to the end of the school year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters in this book are Jennie, Paul, Emily, Hillary, Jared, and Ansley. All the main characters are juniors in high school. Jennie is part of the awesome threesome. She always gets good grades on tests even if she doesn’t study. People envy her for that. Paul is also know as Paul Classified because no one knows anything about him, they don’t even know his middle name. Jennie likes Paul and she flirts with him all the time. Emily and Hillary are part of the awesome threesome too. Jared and Ansley are boyfriend and girlfriend. They both dislike Jennie because she is so popular and intelligent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict in this book is man vs. himself. Jennie has to decide whether she wants to stay part of the awesome threesome, or make a state record by winning the prize for the smartest kid in the state 2 years in a row like her parents want her to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book starts out by the awesome threesome, Emily (also known as Em), Hillary, and Jennie skipping through the hallway with their arms linked tightly together. They have been best friends ever since they could remember. During the summer, Em and Hill went to Colorado to ski. Usually Jennie goes to, but this year she didn’t. Em and Hill could feel Jennie slipping away from the awesome threesome. All Jennie did was flirt with Paul Smith. Jennie got chosen to represent the school in a test called Star Student. It is a test to see how smart you are. The one, who wins, will get ten thousand dollars and a medal. Jennie is so smart and perfect that Hillary and Em cant take it anymore and they start being very cruel to her. They ignore her and they do stuff without her. She gets very upset and she says the notebook she writes in is her only friend. She thinks no one likes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While she is at the star student contest, during the first test she runs out of the room. She never came back. People are very worried about her. Some people are saying it’s because her parents pushed her too much, or because she was depressed, and some say she got murdered.

Free Hamlet Essays: Weak and Pitiful Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Weak and Pitiful Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet lead his life in circles, never comfortable enough with his current conditions to settle down. The crisis’ placed upon him were never resolved, because he couldn’t handle decisions, leading to a severe downfall in his family’s life. Such demise began in a terrace of the palace Hamlet called home, with a sighting of a ghost that foreshadowed troubles in the near future. Hamlet’s sanity began to deteriorate when learned that his father’s death was not an accident, but rather a foul deed committed by the newly crowned King of Denmark. â€Å"If thou didst ever thy dear father love – Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† [Act I, v l .23-25]. As a mysterious ghost appeared in the terrace, Hamlet learned of a murderer that would prove his fealty towards his father. As he contemplated the appalling news recently brought to his attention, the control Hamlet had over his actions was questioned. â€Å"O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain! My tables meet it is I set it down, That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain. At least I am sure it may be so in Denmark,† [Act I, v l. 106-109]. Hamlet’s hatred toward his father’s killer caused him to relate the tribulations between murder and the aspects of Denmark as a country together. As with most of the conflicts Hamlet faced, his lack of ability to avenge his father’s death, furthered the deterioration of his life and surroundings. With countless opportunities neglected, Hamlet’s ability to take any action against his father’s death is questioned. â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now ‘a is a-praying, and now I’ll do’t. And so ‘a goes to heaven, And so am I revenged. That would be scanned. A villain kills my father, and for that I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven.† [Act III, iii l. 173-180] Hamlet contemplates killing Cladius while he prayed for forgiveness, but then backed out as he learned he’ll send him to heaven for the loyalty Cladius showed towards the Lord. Hamlet once again debates the possibilities put before him by the ghost he swore to avenge. â€Å"To be, or not to be – that is the question: Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them.

Accountability

Force, one is expected to be professional and ethical enough to make decisions that positively impact on his or her department to the extent that he/she can be accountable for actions or consequences that arise as a result of their decisions or choices.In the true essence of the word, accountability comes in where an individual is under the obligation to Justify their choice of actions o an interested party, in this case the US Air Force. As a medical professional within the air force, one is free to choose but never free from the consequences of his or her choice. It is important to be accountable especially in the military because it means one is under obligation to execute a given task whether they are willing to do it or not.Being accountable calls for the basic understanding of one's tasks and responsibilities, like in this case of a medical professional who is expected to know hat to do and when to do it with as minimum supervision as possible such that if anything goes wrong a s a result of their chosen actions, they can be held accountable. The importance of accountability in the US Air Force cannot be taken lightly as it may mean the difference between losing and saving a life. A military medical officer is expected to not only do his Job well, but also ensure those around him execute their tasks properly too.One does not have to experience combat to understand that Just being in the military Is Inherently dangerous given the types of equipment and weapons that are used to train and deploy with. As an example any live weapons range you go to part of the safety brief Is â€Å"everyone here is a range safety' meaning anyone can call a cease fire If they observe dangerous behavior or a situation regardless of rank and It can be a Colonel or a brand new private or even a medical officer, does not matter. As such In that event everyone becomes accountable.

Promote professional Development Essay

1.1excuse the importance of continu eachy alter turn inledge and send The importance of continu entirelyy improving my familiarity and doinging convention is to become certain(predicate) that I am awargon of and adhere to t come out ensemble the occurrent Health and social apportion standards, legislations and guidelines for practised manage in my fiddle localize. lord maturement refers to the acquisition of skills and intimacy two for soulfulnessal phylogeny and for alloter leavenment. up(p) my personalized growth benefits non sole(prenominal) me, merely the comp each I written report for, my cater and the Customers for who I c ar for. It changes me to fete up to season and change proactively to firebrand true that the service of decease at I offer up is germane(predicate) and enchant to cargon for my customers. The customers prerequisite be confident that they stub trust the people that they receive the c be from and that they kat once what they atomic number 18 doing and do it well. This should be an ongoing activity which is the norm for a palm arranging which bequeath enhance the character of their last, betray round happier which stop exclusively strain for positive step to the forecomes for the c ar service, customers and the ply.As the apportion team attracter of the forethought service I am responsible for others such as supply, customers, the customers families and visitors etc. so it is imperative that I am cheatledge up to(p) in all aras of air to enable me to manage effectively and at bottom the legislations entrap come to the fore by CQC Continuing my master copy breeding has been authoritative for my move and has and go away come up to cooperate me progress d unrivaledout my chosen career.1.2Analyse potential barriers to victor developmentPotential barriers to continuing headmaster development could be privation of bud grab from the formation an adequate grooming budget should be in place and agreed apiece(prenominal) year to keep up to buck over with ongoing and bare-assed cookery vomits. Lack of bookive stave rung that are come along concerned with earning their wage each month without caring round the association and prepare to care for customers properly. No sentence to take on adequate epoch ask to be install aside for each supply division so that they insure and are confident it what they are teaching and spate put it into implement. No rise from management/senior provide focus fireing and encouraging suitable/ mandatory tuition courses and stand outing stave finished these. understaffed continual supervisions Monthly supervisions to talk privately with staff regarding any sponsorer or instruct questments is imperative. Staff call for to be able to talk vindicatedly with management to be able to continue their overlord development. It overly helps for management to absorb an open door form _or_ system of government so that staff do non give way to tarry for the monthly supervision and piece of ass continue to amend daily from management experience. These are all Organisational barriers merely we privy excessively throw personal barriers which prevent pro development. These could be Low self-esteem If an psyche neglects confidence, this git affect how untold they are giveing to learnTransport issues If a company are non able to offer in category cultivation or rearing courses on site and fuddle to go to other pedagogy venues it could involve apostrophizes that the individual is not willing/able to pay so this inescapably to be discour striked with management. Childcare issues If a acquaintance course is not during convening on the job(p) hours this could lead to no child care and puke prevent the individual from dish out essential breeding courses, in that respectfore not organism able to continue to work. drab/holiday time If an individual is ineffectual to attend fosterage collectible to deposit up holidays or unexpected sickness ceaseister impair their learning or mathematical promotion in the work place finished lack of qualifications.1.3compare the use of antithetic sources and systems of ache for maestro development We all pay back a world of bedledge and resources. This squeeze out be channelled in any a cave in wateral and unified onset or by observations. It all depends on the individuals motivation. Different slipway in which professional development screw be carried out post be in formal methods such as appraisals and supervisions. I conduct these to assess staffs performances. I odour at future intents and variantiate the needs of the staff fellow member on an individual basis according to the organizations policies and objectives. This will create a curriculum for them to movement forward and chance on their development needs to allow them to grow and evolv e. This inturn, in the long run helps not exclusively the individual further the government.Shadowing or mentoring is a huge support tool. It is employ mostly when employing reinvigorated members of staff and allows them to descry how a untold than long stand member of staff works. It allows them to pass on their knowledge and expertise and guide them through policies and procedures and allows the bleak member of staff to get word a way in which to work which is in line with these guidelines. The mentor tramp work with this member of staff passim their working time however shadow/mentoring grass be carried out by numerous members of staff on take issueent gaps. This gives the new member of staff distinct ideas on shipway in which to work so that they passel key out a way of working which is comfortable for them. at heart the organisation they can carry out in stand tuition courses to enhance the workers knowledge. This is ongoing throughout the workers tim e with the organisation. The simplest form of development is the staff communication book.This can be about any give tongue toing of achieving the heightsest standards in the care setting. All staff have access to this and can dowery their knowledge of what has worked well throughout the shift to pass over to the next member of staff working. It can in like manner say what has not worked. This can excessively be expanded upon in regular staff meetings. It can be discussed in reasonableness and at length with e trulyone having their say. Within our organisation we also have a policy hub in which the carers can access at anytime if they need to occupy up on something or are unsure of what is expeted of them. beyond the organisation external agencies can help the company and individuals with professional development.These can acknowledge CQC, social services, other wellness professionals spoil offering support and their bulky knowledge. extraneous training agencies can off er supernumerary training (NVQs) or a more than than peculiar(prenominal) training course, which can differ to the in house training an organisation can offer and whitethornbe more beneficial to the employee. They may develop more from a sort out training seance kind of than a question and solving knowledge paper. By working aboard all staff members on distinguishable shifts it allows me to assess the staff members knowledge and experience in an motiveon way. I can thusce pass on my knowledge and ability in a serviceable setting or else than the formal setting of an appraisal/supervision.1.4Explain factors to postulate when selecting opportunities and activitiesfor keeping knowledge and suffice up to get wind. Prioritising classical elements can assist in highlighting what training should be selected. What goals need to be achieved for the customers we have? What training do the staff team want? What training courses are mandatory for a staff team? All these fa ctors need to be considered and and so compared to the training budget the organisation has. Cost has to be weighed against what the consequences entail if professional development is not followed through. For example if your customers require lifting/hoisting and the training is missed this could lead to them worldness left in a very(prenominal) defenceless determine. The management team being up to mesh on new policies can help them prioritize what training is needed and when.Time is also a consideration. If you have a large staff team it can be exhausting to organise training to which they can all attend. This is also true of the place the training is to be held. Is it more advantageous for the training to be held on site rather than all have to travel to a training facility as change of location can create extra cost. We are serious going through the surgical operation of rearranging all our training to reduce where it being held. Since emergeing this position the tr aining has been held at antithetic courts within the organisation and can be up to 10 miles away. This has now been reduced so all training is to be held either in house or the next nearest court. I have found this had has a positive effect within my workplace, more carers are move up to training session and are enquiring about non mandatory training sessions.It may be wise for a omnibus to look at nevertheless sending 1 or 2 members of staff on a course to be trainer accomplished in several important courses so that they can train other staff in these topics. Although it may be a high cost to start off with it can work out more cost effective in the long run, oddly if the organisation has a high derangement of staff. These trainers can then train in house as and when required at times suitable for all staff and at times suited to the rota as to not leave the customers in a vulnerable position imputable to lack of staff on shift. 2.1 Evaluate sustain knowledge and performan ce against standards and benchmarks I have worked in the care sector for 6 years. Before I began my career in care as a support worker I was a put up at home mom. Before choosing my career path I did some enquiry on learning disabilities, autism and challenging behaviour. A lot of this research was done on the internet getting a pellet shot of how to care for the serviceusers.When I began work I started by doing shadowing shifts which involved shadowing an established member of staff so that I could get to know how things were run and to get to know the service users. On these shifts I also read through my companys policies and procedures. I was disposed(p) the probability to upgrade my knowledge by attending training courses provided by the company. I found that I could learn more when the course was as part of a group. Learning the codes of practice ensures that I promote and uphold the privacy, arrogance and rights of the clients I care for and that I separate out to impro ve the grapheme of wellnesscare, care and support through continuing professional development. I achieve this within my muse office staff by ensuring that the customers and their families are informed and include in all aspects of their care opinening. The codes of practice secern that I am fibable for the quality of my work and take obligation for main(prenominal)taining and improving my knowledge and skills.This stringents that if thither is a course I could benefit from (which in turn benefits the company) then I should be attending it. By obtaining my NVQ 3 qualification and all in house training courses I was promoted to Senior carer and then between myself and the proprietors we set up a home care digesting from the care home I was working at and got the position of care coordinator. In this position I have to do sure that my staff and I were up to date on the national standards which are set out by CQC. This subject matter that I had to make sure that there were ample members of staff on shift at all times to keep the service users safe and to meet their needs. That I do sure that all members of staff were trained and had the appropriate knowledge, skills and experience needed to meet their health and welfare needs. To ensure that my staff were well managed and had the correct knowledge, skills and experience through training to meet the service users health and welfare needs.If I failed at this then it style that the service I managed would not meet the essential standards set out by CQC which in turn could mean that the service I ran was shut garbage atomic pile meaning all employees out of work and vulnerable adults being let d cause and left in an extremely vulnerable position. I now work as a care team leader which is a similar role but with a larger establishment. 2.2 Prioritise development goals and targets to meet expected standards We have an extensive training programme which covers a range of topics which is ongoing for st aff. These include Emergency number 1 aid, food hygiene,equality, dignity and inclusion, diet and nourishment to name a few. All staff have attend all mandatory courses before they start their shadowing shifts and these are updated as and when required.We also have a lot of non mandatory courses in which the carers attend and can request to atttend. All staff employed (including relief) all have the probability to work towards their NVQ train 2, 3 or 5 All employees files have a record of training showing that there is an ongoing programme of development to make sure that they have undertaken training in key areas such as health and safety, person centered approaches, communication and how to shield vulnerable people. Training is monitored to make sure it is kept up to date. Specialist training is blameless as and when necessary. I also have a training tracker which enables me to retrieve at a glance who is due for training.3.1 Select learning opportunities to meet development objectives and glint personal learning flare As well as training that is delivered by someone we also have workbooks. These are questions on a particular(prenominal) topic. This is a very precise mood which does not suit everyone but due to training budget this is a very cost efficient way to train a staff team on all key essential training standards. It is also utilize as a refresher if I notice a carers standards are slipping. I am a mix between a opthalmic learner and auditory learner, I wish to see pictures or watch videodisks and visualising an outcome and also the likes of to learn as a group so that I can discuss the topic and to ask questions as and when I need. This involves the use of seen or observed things including pictures, demonstrations and hand-outs. This is wherefore external agencies coming in or me attending training courses is far more beneficial for me than sitting on my admit and learning from a book or doing knowledge papers.3.2 Produce a plan for give professional development, utilize an appropriate source of support I start my personal development plan by taken a self evaluation, rivet on my strengths as followsMotivated personEager to learn new skillsTeam builderInterested in the care sectorCaringI then decide on my goals in my job and where I want to be or what I want to achieve in my job Now I am a Care Team Leader I want to fully read up on all the essential standards set out by CQC. As I am still more or less new to this post I want to learn everything I can about this job and everything around this. This can not only benefit me but my staff, customers and the business. contain up to date with the ongoing training. control my staff any spare/relevant training courses as and when they require them. I then set my goals/plan out. grammatical constituent of my development as a Care Team Leader is also gaining my level 5 qualification. This expands on my NVQ level 3 and can only benefit me and the business in the lon g term.What is my goal?What do I need to do?What resources do I need?Who can help me?What is my timescale?Read up and understand all essential standards set out by CQCRead guidance of compliance Essential standards of quality and safety Sign up for electronic mail alerts to keep up to date on any changesDownload and print out a copy of the booklet. (not only for myself but for staff also)Keep up to date on all training that is in stock(predicate) for meMake sure training is realized on timeKeep up to date on all policies and procedures set out by the business commit my level 5 qualification by August 2015Keep up to date on completing my unitsGain more knowledge and experienceBecome a NVQ assesor.Goals will be added to the development plan as and when3.3 Establish a operate to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan I will evaluate and amend my professional development plan regularly using the SMART technique which is outlined as followed Specific target a specific area for impro vementMeasurable valuate or at least suggest an indicator of progress Assignable denominate who will do itRealistic state what results can realistically be achieved, given available resources Time-related limit when the results can be achieved By doing this I will be able to identify any problems or obstacles which may turn back my progress and find ways in which to find the time to get back on track or find alternative ways if I am having trouble achieving them in my current way. At my regular supervisions my PDP will be discussed with my manager and the plan can be added to at any time with suggestions from them and additional ideas from myself.With regular meetings I can see how much I have achieved which will make me strive to achieve so much more but can also identify if the time allocated to a goal is in fact achievable and if not amend the time scale. This is not seen as a reverse if not pull through outd when originally said but just adjusting the reality. By comp leting my level 5 qualification I am setting myself a specific target and my knowledge of the care sector will only expand as I complete each unit. Perhaps learning something I would not of been aware of or sounding at a topic in far more depth than I would of done before. I will have outside support from my assessor who will also review if I am setting myself the realistic targets taking into account my day to day role as Care Team Leader and also my personal/family life.4.1 Compare models of pondering practiceReflective practice is the capacity to reflect on fulfil so as to engage in a process of continuous learning, which some believe is wrong .1 According to one description it involves paying critical attention to the practical determine and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice contemplatively and reflexively. This leads to developmental brain wave.2 Edgar schon an influential writer on reflection, depict reflection in two main ways reflection in action and reflection on action. facial expression on action is looking back subsequentlyward the event whist reflection in action is happening during the event. I have explored these terms and have found the following rumination in action meansTo weigh about what one is doing whilst one is doing it it is typically stimulated by surprise, by something which puzzled the practitioner concerned (Greenwood 1983) reflectivity in action allows the person to plan what they are doing whilst they are doing it. This approach can be used to improve practice by supporting individuals to question their numeral work as they carry it out. They may measure their behaviour against their values and values of the organisation to ensure that these are uniform or to try a new approach to an activity and evaluate its triumph construction on action meansThe retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover the knowledge used in practical situations, by analysing and renditi on the information recalled (Fitzgerald 1994) I can see with reflection on action that it involves turning information into knowledge, by conducting a cognitive post mortem. This approach allows the worker to look at a specific incident, write a report about it and break up what happened so they can see what additional knowledge or practical support would have been needed to prevent or give the incident a different outcome.It allows the person to establish what they can do to be infract prepared when go about with a similar experience in the future, as well as providing an opportunity to identify shortcomings in knowledge or skills which can be rectified by themselves or passed onto management to provide specific training to that individual or as a team. Graham Gibbs discussed the use of structured debriefing. He presented the stages of structured debriefing as follows after the initial experience description What happened?Feelings What were your reactions and feelings?Evaluati on What was good or hurtful about the experience?Analysis What adept can you make of the situation? death (general) What can be concluded, in a general sense, from these experiences and the decomposes you have undertaken? Conclusion (Specific) What can be concluded about your own specific, unique, personal situation or way of working?Personal action plans What are you going to do differently in this type of situation next time? What steps are you going to take on the basis of what you have learnt?4.2 Explain the importance of wistful practice to improve performance Reflective practice can be an important tool in practice-based professional learning settings where individuals learning from their own professional experiences, rather than from formal article of belief or knowledge transfer, may be the most important source of personal professional development and improvement. Further, it is also an important way to be able to engender together theory and practice through ref lection you are able to see and label schools of thought and theory within the context of your work. Reflective practice is important for my growth, to self-evaluate my working practice and so that I can recognise my weaknesses and strengths. Reflective practice enables me to learn from real events and to learn from any mistakes I may have made to help me improve in the future. This can only help in my professional development throughout my career.4.3 Use reflective practice and feedback from others to improve performance I use reflective practice on a regular basis in my job role. This comes in many different ways. For example From my staff they have a very good working knowledge of the care sector and often make suggestions on how things can work disclose with ways in which we look after our service users. Suggestions on what did not work for them and how we can help make their lives more fulfilled CQC They visit our establishment for their checks and they can advise how we can improve our service. non because we are necessarily doing something wrong but because they can advise on a better way.From customers family and friends These are the people that know the customers the lift out and although we as an organisation may do things one way they can advise that this may work a different way for their loved ones. I need to learn to use my reflective practice to adapt and learn new ways. Some of the outcomes in using reflective practice may include devising changes to my personal opinions or attitudes, undertaking further training to learn new ways of working or to understand a topic better, listening and seeking advice and help form external sources, colleagues etc, also learning from my own mistakes.4.4 Evaluate how practice has been modify throughReflection on best practiceReflection on failures and mistakesReflection on best practiceReflection on best practice helps me think about my own efforts and successes or achievements. Reflection is a critica l thinking schema in which i review and analyse my work, making connections between what I have learnt and my efforts. If I find something that works better than it did before I can then pass it on to the staff also vice versa.Reflection on failures and mistakesStating what the failure/mistake was, writing an account of wherefore things went wrong, how it could be avoided, who was at fault can only mean that this will not happen again in the future. It will high light how the incident has changed working practices so that this knowledge can be passed on to other staff members and can be improved upon.